This type of graph is useful for identifying medians and quartiles and other percentiles. Statistical significance is based on an estimate of the probability of the observed or a greater degree of association between independent and dependent variables occurring under the null hypothesis (see also P value). transmission, vectorborne transmission of an agent by a living intermediary (e.g., tick, mosquito, or flea); considered a type of indirect transmission. It increases, for example, in hyperthyroidism. In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted mean (or average) commonly called the average; it is the most common measure of central tendency. epidemiology, analytic the aspect of epidemiology concerned with why and how a health problem occurs. immunity, herd the resistance to an infectious agent of an entire group or community (and, in particular, protection of susceptible persons) as a result of a substantial proportion of the population being immune to the agent. 'Hiemal,' 'brumation,' & other rare wintry words. vital statistics systematically tabulated data about recorded births, marriages, divorces, and deaths. false-positive a positive test result for a person who actually does not have the condition. Epitomizing this problem is the Staphylococcus . We used mRNA display under a reprogrammed genetic code to find a spike-targeting macrocyclic peptide that . The speed at which the cells settle depends on how many red blood cells clump together. For example, the 5th percentile is a cut point with 5% of the observations below it and the remaining 95% above it. crude mortality rate see mortality rate, crude. Determine mathematic problems. Most didn't develop a fever. is the average time spent in the susceptible group before becoming infected. Quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons; isolation refers to separation of ill persons. Synonym: Noninflammatory Retina Disease. There was a failure rate of one pupil in ten in the exam. an infecting with germs of disease, as through the medium of infected insects, air, water, or clothing. table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. (-0001). decision tree a branching chart that represents the logical sequence or pathway of a clinical or public health decision. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. carrier a person or animal that harbors the infectious agent for a disease and can transmit it to others, but does not demonstrate signs of the disease. Infectious Disease A disease caused by a microbe, and the microbes that cause infectious diseases are referred to as pathogens Infection -Synonym for infectious disease -Microbiologists reserve it to mean colonization of pathogen; may or may not go on to cause disease Infection vs. Infectious Disease A normal resting heart rate for an adult is 60100 beats per minute. median the measure of central location that divides a set of data into two equal parts, above and below which lie an equal number of values (see also measure of central location). attack rate, secondary a measure of the frequency of new cases of a disease among the contacts of known patients. scale, ordinal a measurement scale consisting of qualitative categories whose values have a distinct order but no numerical distance between their possible values (e.g., stage of cancer, I, II, III, or IV). The research was done in environmental disaster areas (Aral District, Kazaly District) and . variance a measure of the spread in a set of observations, calculated as the sum of the squares of deviations from the mean, divided by the number of observations minus 1 (see also standard deviation). the condition of suffering an infection. comparison group a group in an analytic study (e.g., a cohort or case-control study) with whom the primary group of interest (exposed group in a cohort study or case-patients in a case-control study) is compared. prevalence rates. rate ratio a measure of association that quantifies the relation between an exposure and a health outcome from an epidemiologic study, calculated as the ratio of incidence rates or mortality rates of two groups. In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. mechanical transmission see transmission, mechanical. iSYNONYM. suggest new. case-patient in a case-control study, a person who has the disease, injury, or other health condition that meets the case definition (see also case). trend, secular changes occurring over a substantial period, generally years or decades. droplet nuclei the residue of dried droplets of infectious agents that is easily inhaled and exhaled and can remain suspended in air for relatively long periods or be blown over great distances. You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. mortality rate, neonatal the mortality rate for children from age birth up to, but not including, 28 days. rates of prevalence. an infectious disease: Is this infection very dangerous? incidence a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occurs among a population during a specified period. bar chart, grouped a bar chart displaying quantities of two variables, represented by adjoining bars or columns (i.e., a group) of categories of one variable, separated by space between groups. Objective Rheumatology patients are at high risk for complications from pneumococcal infections. transmission, indirect transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host either by being suspended in air particles (airborne), carried by an inanimate objects (vehicleborne), or carried by an animate intermediary (vectorborne). hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1. population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. There have been at least 556,201,000 reported infections and 6,776,000 reported deaths caused by the new coronavirus . descriptive epidemiology see epidemiology, descriptive. It is used as a test of airway obstruction. antibody any of a variety of proteins in the blood that are produced in response to an antigen as an immune response. COVID-19 infections are still rising in 72 countries. cause, component a factor that contributes to a sufficient cause (see also cause, sufficient). Herd immunity is based on having a substantial number of immune persons, thereby reducing the likelihood that an infected person will come in contact with a susceptible one among human populations, also called community immunity. A white blood cell (WBC) count measures the number of white blood cells in a sample of blood. Infection. Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/infection. [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. Performs all aspects of patient care in an environment that optimizes patient safety and reduces the likelihood of medical/healthcare errors. THE PROBLEM WITH TRUMPS HERD MENTALITY LINE ISNT THE VERBAL FLUB. Search. epidemic curve a histogram that displays the course of an outbreak or epidemic by plotting the number of cases according to time of onset. measure of association a quantified relationship between exposure and a particular health problem (e.g., risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio). Home; infection; Synonyms for infection. continuous variable see variable, continuous. The rate at which hair grows can be agonisingly slow. epidemic period the time span of an outbreak or epidemic. One of the many measures is the closure of schools which concomitantly implied that other innovative strategies to the delivery of subject matter to students while they remain at home be employed in order to . Mesoendemic An endemic disease with a moderate rate of infection. inflection, injection, infectious, infect. Outbreak A sudden increase of a specific illness in a small area. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Among countries with both high vaccination rates and high rates of Covid-19 infection, most rely on vaccines made in China, a CNBC analysis shows. line graph, arithmetic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. isolation the separation of infected persons to prevent transmission to susceptible ones. The roles of different age groups in propagating Omicron epidemics in the whole . The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Another HCV infection after HCV cure most frequent in high risk takers, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? Prostadine can help you maintain a healthy prostate as you age. Objectives In late December 2022, rates of mortality in France (over 2,500 daily deaths) have reached levels not seen since April 2020, with the most pronounced increase in mortality recorded in nursing homes. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? pandemic an epidemic occurring over a widespread area (multiple countries or continents) and usually affecting a substantial proportion of the population. Synonyms disorder, problem, trouble, disease, upset, illness, sickness, ailment, affliction, malady, indisposition in the sense of contagion Definition a corrupting influence that tends to spread They have been reluctant to admit patients with the disease because of fears of contagion. Antibiotic resistance is one of the leading issues in modern healthcare due to the inability to treat common infections with available antibiotics. variable, dependent in a statistical analysis, a variable whose values are a function of one or more other variables. outlier a value substantively or statistically different from all (or approximately all) of the other values in a distribution. morbidity disease; any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological health and well-being.